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Operation Sunshine (USS Nautilus)
Operation Sunshine was a scientific expedition conducted by the U.S. Navy in the summer of 1958. A crew of just over 100 sailors piloted the USS Nautilus (SSN-571) under the North Pole. The Nautilus was chosen for the mission because its nuclear reactor allowed it to remain submerged longer than a conventional submarine. The mission was completed successfully on August 3, 1958 when the Nautilus and her crew crossed under the North Pole.〔Anderson, W. R., & Keith, D. (2008). The ice diaries: The untold story of the Cold War's most daring mission. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson.〕
==''Vanguard''==
The Cold War acted partially as a technology race between the United States and the Soviet Union. Not only was there tension over nuclear weapons, but the two countries were entering into the space race during the late 1950s. Russia was celebrating the successful launch of their Sputnik I satellite into orbit in October 1957. Shortly after, the U.S. attempted to launch their Vanguard I satellite, which exploded before taking off.〔Griffin, C. G. (2013). “Operation Sunshine”: The Rhetoric of a Cold War Technological Spectacle. Rhetoric & Public Affairs, 16(3), 521-542.,〕
The issue was not just that the U.S. was behind the Soviets in terms of rocket power, but it was that the American public was aware of it. There was concern that the Russians would be able to use the same rockets that propelled Sputnik, to launch nuclear missiles at the U.S.. So not only was President Eisenhower having to work with his scientists to better the Soviets' technology but he also had the responsibility of maintaining stability with the people. What Eisenhower needed was something to show America and the rest of the world that the U.S. government was ahead of the Soviets technologically.〔 Their answer for that was to take the two areas where they were ahead of the Soviets (submarines and nuclear weapons) and combine them.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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